苯扎贝特治疗儿童ApoE Tokyo(Arg25Cys)突变型脂蛋白肾病1例

脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG),1989年首次由日本学者Saito报道,LPG主要累及肾脏,且以肾小球病变为主[1]。几乎所有患者均有不同程度的蛋白尿,多数表现为肾病综合征,少数表现为轻微蛋白尿和镜下血尿,部分患者伴有不同程度的贫血及高血压,血脂异常易被忽略为肾病综合征的低蛋白血症所致。载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)增高是LPG血脂改变的主要特点[2-3]。LPG为一种与脂质代谢紊乱密切相关的肾脏疾病,目前世界范围内有报道的病例不足200例,儿童报道仅10余例[2]。本病进展缓慢,临床常误诊为原发性肾病综合征[4]。因此,为增强对LPG的认识,提高诊治水平,现分析1例确诊的儿童LPG临床资料,总结LPG的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。     

Hypertension is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cohort study

Abstract

Background

Comorbidities are commonly seen in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical implication is not yet well-delineated. We aim to characterize the prevalence and clinical implications of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19.     

Rabs and axonal regeneration

Membrane trafficking processes are presumably vital for axonal regeneration after injury, but mechanistic understanding in this regard has been sparse. A recent loss-of-function screen had been carried out for factors important for axonal regeneration by cultured cortical neurons and the results suggested that the activity of a number of Rab GTPases might act to restrict axonal regeneration. A loss of Rab27b, in particular, is shown to enhance axonal regeneration in vitro, as well as in C. elegans and mouse central nervous system injury models in vivo. Possible mechanisms underlying this new finding, which has important academic and translational implication, are discussed.     

七氟烷和丙泊酚对心脏双瓣置换术麻醉期间血流动力学变化的影响

目的探讨七氟烷、丙泊酚对心脏双瓣置换术麻醉期间血流动力学变化的影响。方法选取2010年5月至2012年5月在东莞康华医院进行风湿性心脏双瓣膜置换术治疗的患者60例作为研究对象。根据不同的麻醉用药将患者分成七氟烷组和丙泊酚组。七氟烷组患者采用1%七氟烷进行麻醉诱导;丙泊酚组患者采用丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导。分别在术前、主动脉开放后第2、8、24小时测定血流动力学变化;在术前及主动脉开放后第8、16、72小时监测血清总胆红素(TBIL)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)等指标。结果两组心脏双瓣置换术患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、肺动脉楔嵌压(PAWP)、总胆红素、AST、ALT组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同时点间及组间·不同时点间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);氘代试剂(CIL)、每搏输出量指数(SVI)、左心室做功指数(LVSW)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)组间、不同时点间、组间·不同时点间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对心脏双瓣膜置换术患者实施七氟烷或靶控输注丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导,对患者MAP、HR、PAWP、TBIL、AST及ALT的影响相似,但是对SVI、LVSWI、BUN及Cr的影响有一定的差异,可根据患者的具体情况选择适当的麻醉方法。     

Ligustrazine inhibits high voltage-gated Ca~(2+) and TTX-resistant Na~+ channels of primary sensory neuron and thermal nociception in the rat:a study on peripheral mechanism

Objective Ligustrazine, also named as tetramethylpyrazine, is a compound purified from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and has ever been testified to be a calcium antagonist. The present investigation was to determine the antinoci-ceptive effect of ligustrazine and, if any, the peripheral ionic mechanism involved. Methods Paw withdrawal Latency ( PWL) to noxious heating was measured in vivo and whole-cell patch recording was performed on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Intraplantar injection of ligustrazine (0.5 mg in 25μl) significantly prolonged the withdrawal latency of ipsilateral hindpaw to noxious heating in the rat. Ligustrazine not only reversibly inhibited high-voltage gated calcium current of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron in dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.89 mmol/L, but also decreased tetrodotoxin (TTX) -resistant sodium current in relatively selective and dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.49 mmol/L. Conclusion The results suggested that ligustrazine could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception through inhibiting the high-voltage gated calcium current and TTX-resistant sodium current of DRG neuron in the rat.     

足部骨筋膜室综合征早期诊断与治疗

目的:探讨足部骨筋膜室综合征早期诊断与治疗结果。方法:1998年1月-2003年12月收治15例足骨筋膜室综合征患者(均为男性:年龄15～55岁,平均32岁),行足背双切口减压4例,足底内侧减压9例,足内外两侧减压2例。1周后行减张缝合或植皮术。结果:15例随访9～24个月,12例恢复佳,足运动感觉正常;2例有足底感觉减退、足趾麻木;1例遗留前足挛缩、无力,足趾麻木。无爪形趾及功能障碍者。结论:足损伤后,Whiteside法测定组织间隙压力是诊断足骨筋膜室综合征的可靠方法。治疗时足部如有骨折、血肿者,骨筋膜室减张切口,宜选择足底内侧切开效果较好。